Īmphetamine derivatives, particularly ring‐substituted examples, represented the next phase in the evolution of designer drugs. In the United States, the Controlled Substances Act was amended by the Controlled Substance Analogue Enforcement of 1986, which attempted to ban designer drugs preemptively by making it illegal to manufacture, sell, or possess chemicals that were substantially similar in chemistry and pharmacology to Schedule I or Schedule II drugs. A synthetic contaminant (MPTP) in an α‐prodine derivative led to chemically induced Parkinson's disease in a number of injecting drug users. These highly potent substitutes for heroin caused a number of accidental deaths. They were defined as ‘analogues, or chemical cousins, of controlled substances that are designed to produce effects similar to the controlled substances they mimic’. The term designer drug was coined in 1984 following the appearance on the illicit drug market in the USA of a number of fentanyl derivatives. There have been multiple deaths caused by research chemicals such as 25x-NBOMe, Bromo-DragonFLY, 2C-T-7, and others. The use of research chemicals carries more risks than the use of more common, well-studied substances. Research chemicals commonly come in packaging labelled "not for human consumption" and are stated to be solely used for the purposes of scientific research. The term "research chemical" is used by online vendors to bypass legal restrictions for selling psychoactive compounds. Most information about research chemicals is based on first-hand experiences and anecdotal evidence. Research chemicals typically have structures and effects similar to illicit substances and are often developed to either improve upon their effects or bypass existing drug laws. Research chemicals (also called RCs, experimental chemicals, legal highs or designer drugs) refers to psychoactive substances which have unstudied effects and little to no history of medicinal use.
JWH-018 powder as it was commonly sold online
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